Sentence Structure
Although Latin does not have any set sentence structure, due to the ending of nouns telling you what each word means in a sentence, there are some sentences constructions you would want to know about.
Subject-Linking Verb-Compliment
-These are the simplest types of sentences to work with. They are composed of a Noun, a verb, and usually an adjective.-The noun and verb MUST ALWAYS agree.
e.g. (Singular noun/Singular verb
-Plural noun/ Plural verb)
-Nouns and the compliment MUST AGREE as well, the noun will always be Nominative case, for it is the subject, so the adjective, which must always agree in case, number, and gender will be in the Nominative case.
Puer est Romanus - The boy is Roman
The boy, puer, is nominative singular Masculine, so your compliment is nominative, singular, masculine.
Also, Puer, is singular, thus you use the singular verb, est.
Puellae sunt defessae - The girls are tired
Plural subject/Plural verb
Plural Nom. Fem. subject, Plural. Nom. Fem Compliment.
Compound Sentences
These are sentences brought together by conjunctions. They can bring together sentences, clauses, and simply words.
e.g. Cornelia sedet et legit.
Cornelia sits and reads. Notice how et brings together the first sentence, with the word 'read'. Although apparent, conjoined sentences keep the same subject as the first clause.
Questions
Questions are easily asked within latin, they can either be introduced by interrogative words (Who, what, when etc.) or by adding the enclitic -ne to the end of the first word (usually the verb) of a question
e.g. Quid facit Cornelia? - What is Cornelia doing?
Estne puer laetus? - Is the boy happy?
Also, nonne can be used when you expect "yes" to be the answer.
e.g. Nonne cenare vultis? - Surely you want to eat, dont you? (or, more simply, You want to eat, right?)
Regular Sentence Form
The name itself is unfit, due to the many different ways to form sentences and use of passive verbs, deponents, etc.
but a basic sentence, for our case, usually consists of a Subject, a verb, a Direct Object, and an ablative.
e.g. Sextus vexat Corneliam in horto semper. - Sextus is always annoying Cornelia in the garden